some things I’d like to see more often…

1. waterless urinals

urinals mstand1

Waterless instead of waterfree because you’ll always need some liquid to clean the system, but still: water is such a valuable resource – too valuable to flush it down the toilet. And while some systems require a liquid in order to transport any faeces and urine (~ waste water, sewerage), the urinals for men could easily be switched from flushing urinals to waterless urinals. These technologies work in any country and culture (!), are already available (PDF) at different technology levels (simple & cheap <=> complex & expensive) and are just as “smelly” as any other flush toilet (or even less!).

The image on top left comes from a brochure @ Urimat.com, a very inovative company that just won numerous prices for their urinal designs. Please note the read arrow which highlights the advertisment area. Now just think of the adopt-a-light concept and you’ll get the idea: public toilets that offer free sanitation and are financed through advertisment and a possible sale of urine as fertilizer (in case of waterless urinals with urine diversion). With an average exposure time of 40 seconds, these ads make sense and are read by most (male) customers.

2. cotton (ear) swabs with paper sticks

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Cotton swabs or Q-Tips made out of rolled paper instead of extruded plastic. Not that the paper approach is such a new invention, but most supermarkets still only sell the plastic version so far. I bought this package as pictured above the other day for EUR 0,55 – the plastic version next to it was 10 €-cents cheaper.

My interest in these is because while working on a treatment plant, I came across HUGE amounts of plastic sticks from Q-Tips in various pumpes and pipes which had to be cleaned daily because of these plastic items some people out there for some strange reason still keep on disposing of through the toilet. I’ve blogged about this earlier here and here, and since you’ll never be able to change the human behaviour, the only solution obviously is to change the way these products are made. Rolled paper is more likely to dissolve in (waste) water than plastics, and bioplastics may at this time still be too expensive for such a usage.

(the Wikipedia entry says that the rolled paper version is still the most common but since I often only see the plastic version, I wonder on which facts this assumption is based? plastic sticks aren’t good, i think).

3. mobile tooth brushes

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Ok now this is pure luxury, not at all sustainable and I can’t see any environmental friendliness, but these mobile, (one-way) toothbrushes are quite handy for those moments when you just need them. I wonder why their sale is limited (in Germany) to airport restrooms only. One brush with paste sells for EUR 1,-. I bought the one in red and gave it to someone special :-)

tbc…

my N95 rant

A phone is a phone is a phone is a phone. Well, is it?

When it comes to Nokia’s N95 smartphone, this simple conclusion isn’t that clear. Nokia introduced their flagship model in December 2006 and started shipping it sometime around March/April this year.
I got mine some three months ago through a 24-month plan with Germany’s T-Mobile with average monthly costs of EUR 15,46, so even if I’d sell the phone now via eBay or other channels, I’d make (at least) around EUR 130,- profit (SIM card stays unused in the drawer during those 24 month). I am using it with a prepaid card on a 3G (UMTS) enabled network where I am paying EUR 0,24 per MegaByte.
Unfortunately, my current network provider does not offer 3.5G (HSDPA) connections although the phone is capable of handling those. My other (third) network provider (Vodafone Germany) does offer 3.5G but charges around EUR 20,- per MegaByte just like T-Mobile, which is completely insane and totally over-priced. The prepaid card runs on the E-Plus Network which is known for low tariffs but also for a (relatively) shitty network infrastructure so I had the choice between low tariffs & 3G or higher tariffs & 3.5G. Since I’ve been very comfy with surfing the inet via 2.5G (GPRS) with Suffercom in Kenya, the theoretical network speed isn’t that important anyways. Besides – with running the phone in GSM mode instead of UMTS, battery runtime is optimized.

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my Nokia N95 on top of my laptop

Three months are a good time to draw a line and have a closer look at what’s good and bad on this phone. Although I’ve already blogged some few impressions earlier here, here, here, here, here, here and here, I often thought about compiling another list of things I do not like about this phone. And while there are a few things that could be changed with a firmware update in future, other issues are hardware related and unfortunately meant to stay forever. Unless of course some Chinese “copyist” comes up with an alternative case for the N95 which could be used instead (a case modder, that is).

The N95 is a so-called smartphone, and while it is released under Nokia’s N-Series where the “N” stands for eNtertainment, the phone comes with everything you can currently put in a mobile phone: a fast variety of possible network connections (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, InfraRed); a decent 5MPx cam (CMOS sensor though); mp3/mp4/avi media player for music, videos and pictures; basic picture and video editing; SMS; MMS; e-mail; an internal browser; 240×320 px screen resolution; flash memory; mini-USB connector; video camera with good frame rate; GPS (!!); office tools for viewing MS-Office files (doc, xls, ppt); Adobe’s PDFormat viewer of up to 2mb size and all of this running on Nokia’s S60 platform which is an operating system that has its roots in the PSION PDAs from the mid 1990s if anyone still remembers them.

I have used a Nokia 6230i before which was and still is a perfect phone – except for the limited camera (1,3 mpx, no flash) and the horrible multimedia player which had problems handling bigger playlists. Since I am often using my phone as an mp3 player and taking lots of pictures, it suddenly became clear that I should eventually invest some money on a better phone.

AND THAT is actually where the trouble begins! The 6230i is a phone-phone. A phone in the first place, something for calling people and writing SMS. The N95 is a multimedia machine though, and Nokia also calls it “..what computers have become”. What they meant to say and left out was that this also includes all the downsides of a mobile computer resp. a multitasking operating system. That’s just like comparing a simple calculator to a scientific one. Or a VW Beetle to a Mercedes S320. More equipment and luxury means more problems.

I could actually stop my review here and go back to my 6230i, as I need a reliable, a working phone with enough battery power. Nokia’s competitors like SonyEricsson and/or Samsung do produce interesting alternatives, and – hey – if the N95 wasn’t available, I’d have gone for the SE K800i by now. Only: SonyEricsson for some unknown reason completely messed up the keypads of their phones! This is so sad and I am sure they lost many customers due to that strange policy. (SE, give us more phones like K800i! The successor model K810i has a horrible keypad and most others after that as well).
So I am stuck with my N95 and have to learn appreciating it the way others do. Or maybe I am just too disappointed by it as I had apparently expected it being as efficient as the 6230i.

Usability is a BIG issue for me – and this recent usability test proves that the N95 isn’t as convenient as the iPhone. The iPhone on the other hand is a design concept for me with lots of smart solutions, but it lacks even basic services such as MMS or a decent cam, and since it comes with an internal battery AND is part of Apple’s “walled gardens” concept (proprietary systems), it is a no-go for me.

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the N95 after 1,5 months – a broken display which had to be exchanged

Now, Nokia is a global player with a wide range of phones available for different budgets and needs. While their low-cost, entry market phones like 1xxx and 2xxx series really convince in countries like Kenya, their middle-class / mass market phones like the above mentioned 6230i also provide a lot of usability for a set price. The top range though, where my N95 is supposed to be one of the flagship models (note: the E90 communicator model has recently been taken from the market for further improvements as it developed some hard- and software issues), clearly isn’t as performing as it could or should be.
In other words: IF you are paying something like EUR 500,- to 700,- on a state-of-the-art phone, you may want to expect certain qualities – and at least a reliable phone that provides you with some basic services.
Well…. I don’t know about other N95 users who may be overwhelmed by their phones, but my N95 is under-performing.

The recent 2nd editions of the N95 for the US market (N95-US with a better camera and support for the US 3G system) as well as the brand-new 8GB version of the N95, which is due to come out in October this year (next week!), actually proves that Nokia realized how they messed up with the initial N95 version I am stuck with.

Coming back to the phone’s usability, let me summarize the following issues:

Keypad
The keypad on the front cover (”S60 keypad”) is way too narrow and I understand it was already moved down and away from the screen to shorten the distance to the actual number keypad (Nokia calls this the “ITU keypad”). While writing text (e.g. SMS), I sometimes type in a wrong letter which needs to be corrected. Hitting the delete (”C”) button on the front panel sometimes – unfortunately – results in hitting the
a) red phone button by mistake => the phone goes back to the standby screen, or b) multimedia key by mistake => the phone comes up with a so-called multimedia menu, which by itself takes about 2-3 seconds to load.
To change this, Nokia or any 3rd party parts contributor (aka case modder from China) should redesign the keypad on the front cover (a). As for the multimedia menu: it could be deactivated or reassignable to another key once all keys are fully programmable. This could be done through a firmware update.

n95 shida

Front Cover
Other slider phones from Nokia such as the 6110 navigator or E65 come with a gently inclined front cover. While writing text on the N95 number keypad, my thumb often hits the edge of the front panel. This could be avoided or limited by removing this artificial border and reshaping the front cover so that the thumb may freely move between the (lower) number keypad and the keypad on the front cover.
The front video camera on the upper right corner looks like as if it has been put there at the last moment. Obviously, there should be a better way of moulding it into the front cover (as seen on the 8GB version!!). What’s that space between the display and the keypad good for anyways?

The phone also is a “slided” typed model, meaning that the front cover moves in two different directions. While this is somehow neat, I actually realize every day how much I hate slider phones and want my brick phone back.
Now imagine with Nokia’s infamous slider built quality, the slider OF COURSE developed problems over the time – although mine is still one of the better phones. There’s a workaround to stop the play level between the front cover and the main body as shown on different Youtube videos (~ untighten 3 screws on both sides and put some adhesive tape on top of the sliding rails to limit the play).
My Nokia 7110 back in 1999 (!) also head a nasty slider problem. It’s not a bug, it’s a Nokia!

Display
I “secured” the display on my N95 with some BRANDO display protector (foil) as it a) looks as if the screen actually is a bit sensitive to scratches and b) there’s a gap between the display and the frame = no seamless transition between the display and the frame as seen with other phones (= which shows that such an approach to a better design is possible and that it was just left out because someone over at Nokia didn’t pay attention).
As with other mobile devices, a display always consumes lots of energy. Maybe Nokia could implement a stricter energy saving mode for the display, although of course the display brightness as well as the duration until it goes back into a half standby mode may already be adjusted by the user. I am saying it’s a “half standby” mode, as the display on a SE K800i seems to be even more efficient (battery wise). Again, plenty of room for improvements within the firmware.

Oh and btw: just after 1,5 months usage, the display suddenly flipped the screen from left to right and then completely went out black. The flex band inside was ok, but the display had to be exchanged.

Telephony
Speech quality of course always depends on the network, and while coverage in my area isn’t always the best, callers sometimes tell me they’re having problems understanding me while using the phone. A workaround is to use a headset, but in all honesty: you wouldn’t want to use it that way while talking for half an hour.
And the headset itself is an issue as well. Oh my. It just isn’t always responding to a keypress.

Speakers
The internal stereo speakers on both sides are actually quite good. While playing stereo soud on them, the “stereo effect” comes out pretty nicely. Well done, Nokia!
As for the loudspeaker on top: well, it’s a tiny, squared speaker. No great resonance from that little thing.

Media Player
The internal media player ist nice although it’s usability could be a bit better. Sound is good enough for me, but using it with the headsets has given me some headaches lately. You see, whenever I removed the headsets on my Nokia 6230i, the player would just stop playing (which is good as you wouldnt want to have it playback through the speakers if, by accident, the plug comes out of the socket (which is 3,5mm – a blessing, as you can actually use ANY other headset and aren’t forced to use any proprietary system from Nokia)). On a SE K800i, the phone ask you whether you would want to have it continue playing through the speakers. Well…on the N95, the phone just redirects the sound to the speakers without asking me! And this although the S60 platform offers many other situations where it will ask the user twice if e.g. it shall *really* go online or *really* download that e-mail I just clicked on. Hell, yeah! Just do it, you ***** phone! *NARF*
The media player is also directly related to the:

Multimedia Menu
The multimedia menu. Oh my. WHAT kind of IDIOT designed this stupid menu???! It is SOOOOO USELESS! I NEVER NEED IT…and consequently put this as a *wish* on S60’s feature wishlist.
There are two ways to access this menu: either by pressing (or often accidently hitting) the multimedia key to the right of the joypad, or by switching the display from portrait into landscape view.

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landscape view on the N95

Let’s say you are in standby mode and portrait view and want to switch into landscape view (as shown above) to access the (blue iluminated) multimedia keys on the left to e.g. stop the media player. BEFORE the phone actually reacts to the keypress, it first of all loads this ****** multimedia menu which takes 2-3 seconds alone.

I had this argument in a mobile phone shop with another dude who was SO convinced of the S60 platform and really loved his N95. I then asked him: “ok, how do you stop the media player if the phone is locked?” – “Simple”, he replied, “just slide it the other way open and press the media keys”. – “And what about that multimedia menu that pops up in between?” – “Oh…..”. Yeah. Stupid.

Nokia, in case you are reading this: pls disable the multimedia menu, or at least (if it belongs to your marketing strategy) give us a function to reassign the keys on the front cover and the side. Thank You!

SMS
Sending SMS, MMS, E-Mails & Co from the phone is dead simple. Only: once you hit the wrong key (again due to the narrow keypad), it will return to standby mode and move your written piece into the DRAFTS folder. On the 6230i, which btw runs on an older version of the S40 platform, an SMS is left in the editor, so once you return to the editor, you’ll find your draft there ready for editing.

Gallery
The gallery is just nice and also doesn’t take too long to load. It creates thumbnail versions of your images which are loaded for preview. If you stumble across a video in your gallery, it automatically loads the REAL PLAYER to playback videos. There’s another add-on for the phone that provides a DivX player, so playback of those files is also possible.

VoIP & Wi-Fi
I am using FRING on the phone which is a neat little all-in-one messenger tool for chatting and using VoIP with configured services such as Skype, ICQ, Google Talk, MSN Messgenger, Twitter (!) and SIP. I have my SIPGATE number configured with the phone as well as Gizmo (which I haven’t used for a while). VoIP works but you’ll sure need a strong WLAN / Wi-Fi connection for this to work fine. Also used it through my UMTS connection (fortunately, the port is open for that service) and it just works. WLAN/WiFi connectivity is a bit tricky. The phone is said to having some problems with certain routers. Sometimes it works fine, sometimes the connection brakes off all the time. Annoying.
So, in theory: services work. When it comes to actually using everything the time you need it, something like network coverage may be a problem, so my take on this is that Wi-Fi was just added for the US-american market (due to the availability of hotspots there) or for home usage where many ppl nowadays are having their own Wi-Fi routers hooked up to a cable or DSL modem.

Germany’s famous Fritz!Box WiFi router by AVM actually works much better for VoIP – I had my fixed line phone directly connected to the router and so I wonder why I should use VoIP at home through my mobile if instead I could use it much better through a fixed phone.

Battery
The battery. Well well well. The 950mAh battery inside the phone is nothing but a joke. It lasts for a day with limited usage. That’s why the two new versions of the N95 will come with a slightly improved battery, but honestly: WHY only now? Why couldn’t they come up with a better battery life and power management in the first place?
And why Li-On instead of the Li-Polymer battery as seen with older Nokias?
The battery is why I’ve been looking out for external power supplies (like that solar charger below) that will help me recharge the phone while travelling, far away from any power socket. The charger that comes shipped with the phone is very small and light (good!), but only because you’ll always have to carry it around with you. Clearly, the N95 isn’t a phone I’d take out on a Safari in the bush!

I bought a 2nd battery (4,- EUR fake from China) and another desktop charger so that the phone at least stands up straight in a cradle while recharging.

Battery life clearly affects many other parts of the phone: pure mp3 playback WITH THE TRANSMITTER SET INTO OFFLINE MODE! (to enhance playback time) gives me about 2-3 hrs which is just ridiculaaaas! The phone also comes with a Video-Out cable so that you can hook it up to your TV/multimedia system and use it as a game console. LOL! This drains the batteries quite quickly.

The limited energy provided by the small battery is actually reason enough to return this phone to the shop and go for any other – better – phone. What’s it all worth with all these gadgets if the battery only last for half a day?!

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the camera module on the back

Cam
The internal digital camera has a 5mpx resolution achieved through a CMOS chip, which is what you’ll know from other phones and better webcams. PROPER LIGHTING is the KEY to decent pictures with such a technology, so during daylight, pictures turn out fine. The cam is good, and for most of my needs it actually is sufficient enough. Only, and yeah, even though it is good enough, the autofocus on SonyEricsson’s K800i cam is FASTER. Focusing with the N95 takes a while. Well….no hurry in Africa.
And then of course the shutter sound may not be disabled. I am used to taking secret shots with my 6230i with no sounds and lights emitted from the phone, but the N95 always flashes up a small LED to autofocus (ok, this can not be changed) and sometimes even comes with the flash LED which is SO extremely bright that you can quickly be hated by all your friends if you’re into taking a snap shot of them during night time + using the flash. This LED flash is not as a convenient as the Xenon flash on the K800i.

To activate the camera, you can either select it from the menu, and / or slide open the protectice cover on the back of the phone. There’s a small contact inside that automatically starts up the camera once the cover is opened.

Browser
The default browser that comes shipped with the S60 platform is somewhat okay, but it lacks the comfort of OperaMini. Especially the “BACK” function only reloads the previous page instead of loading it from the phone’s cache. Why? Stupid.
And then of course there’s no way of setting a default browser on the firmware. The EU actually sues Microsoft for shipping WindowsXP with a fixed browser? Well, Nokia does the same with us.

Nokia PCSuite
Nokia’s PCSuite, the software to sync the phone with a Windows system is just crap. And besides: I am still looking for a decent (!) way to edit the phone book. The directory on M$ Outlook sucks, all free XML sync services (as mentioned the other day) just provide the editing for names & numbers (but no snail mail addresses) and Nokia’s own PC Suite doesn’t provide any editing function. Why not?

Speaking of syncing the phone with another computer: the N95 has a nice USB mini-B connector, so basically most other USB cables you’ll know from your digital camera will work with the phone as well. There’s no stupid & proprietary Nokia PopPort connector any more so this is a GREAT improvement. We’ll also see a change in this in near future as the mobile phone industry is said to have teamed up for a single connector standard which would be a blessing for most users. One cable type for all gadgets! Only: charging – as seen with the famous Motorola V3 series – isn’t yet possible through the USB port. A brilliant example for Nokia’s marketing on accessories…

RAM
Random Access Memory on the N95 is limited to 20 MBs once the machine is fully loaded. The 8GB version comes with 80 MBs so multitasking failures due to a limited RAM capacity are less likely to happen with the improved version.
I wonder if one could use the other memory instead to extend the RAM (like a swap file) but I guess that just isn’t possible.

GPS
The internal GPS runs on Nokia Maps, a free mapping software provided by Nokia with maps for different countries. You’ll only pay for the navigation. The phone also works with other free and commercial mapping software like MGMAPS (awesome!) or Route66. Also, Nokia’s “SportsTracker” software is just awesome for tracking exercises.
However – the internal GPS antenna is located beneath the lower keypad – on the bottom of the phone. In order to use the GPS and improve reception of satellite signals, you’ll always have to slide open the phone to reveal the lower keypad. The Nokia 6110 navigator though comes with Route66 software pre-installed and the GPS antenna on top of the phone, so the 6110 is a dedicated, much faster GPS device than the N95.

Again, the N95 is an all-in-one gadget, a prood-of-concept-styled phone which main purpose, I suppose, was to show to the interested masses what may actually implemented into a phone.

My list of direct criticism based on bad experiences with the phone could go on and on, but I will just leave it for now. Further plans are to wait for the next firmware update and see if any of the bugging isssues have been improved. If not, I will sell the phone and get another one with similar camera and video qualities (oh, did I mention the near DVD video recording quality? that’s just awesome for such a phone. but then again: battery runtime…*sigh*). Wi-Fi isn’t really that important although it was one of the reason for me to actually get it. Back then I didn’t know that Wi-Fi coverage would be that bad, and to actively keep it connected to a nearby Wi-Fi router for VoIP usage, the battery is just too weak.

I really really hope that Nokia will have a closer look at the current N95 model and see if there’s any improvement possible through the firmware. A stronger battery would also be nice, or at least an official case mod which would enable consumers to pimp the current N95 into a better one.

The N95 truly is “what computers have become”, and while it really only lacks the keyboard we’ve seen on the E61(i) or even the SideKick (ooooh, a hidden keyboard underneath the display in a sidekick style would be so great!) to make it become a real computer, it does not provide the most basic functions I need a phone for: being a reliable gadget in my pocket.

(is this my longest post ever?)

Seesternchen & Co.

Eben habe ich mich kurz ablenken wollen vom Lernen – und mir das MySpace Profil einer Bekannten angeschaut.

Ganz unabhängig vom Inhalt und des immer noch schrecklichen Layouts bei MySpace, gibt es eine Sache in dieser virtuellen Welt, die mich immer wieder aufs Neue abschreckt: die Verwendung von kitschigen Fantasienamen.

Während mein ehemaliger Mitbewohner noch relativ harmlos und pflegeleicht in seiner Welt aus MezzoMix Softdrinks, Pringels Chips, fettigem Essen und diversen Computerrollenspielen jeden Tag von morgens bis abends geduldsam vorm Rechner saß, konnte ich mir bei ihm wenigstens sicher sein, dass er kein Doppelleben als “süße Maus24”, “Seesternchen”, “Waldfee”, “Prinz”, “Ferrrari43”, “Zaubermaus”, “Frühlingsblume48” oder dergleichen in einer der diversen Online Welten geführt hat. Dann schon eher als “Balduin”, “Gondolf” oder “schwarzer Ritter”, denn der gute Mann Junge war Sci-Fi Fan. Rollenspiele halt. Alle Levels, alle Schwierigkeitsstufen, alle Charaktere.
Ach, wir hatten ja auch mal einen Nachbarn, der tagsüber nur geschlafen hat, und dann nachts, jede Nacht!, in sein Multi-User-Dungeon Spiel abgetaucht ist. Das sind aber in sich geschlossene Welten.

Aber zurück zu den kitschigen Fantasienamen, zu denen ich mich eigentlich hauptsächlich frage, wie die Leute dazu kommen? Haben die keine Fantasie? Screennames sind ja schon eine seltsame Erfindung, aber selbst jetzt, nachdem ich fast genau 11 Jahre im Inet unterwegs bin, scheint es mir manchmal wie 1996 vorzukommen.

Irgendwann muss das Reservoir an dämlichen Benutzernamen doch erschöpft sein?

Mobical & Nokia N95 “redesign”

I started using the free synchronisation services @ mobical.net and am pleasantly surprised at the ease with which I can now synchronize the address book on my mobile phone with an external website.

Mobical isn’t perfect, and I just use it to backup and edit my data more conveniently, but nevertheless it is a bit better than using MS Outlook (which, as an MS-Windows solution, isn’t free of charge) and best: it works. Hassle-free.

…which makes me WISH that my prefered webbased email provider should offer the possibility to actually synchronize a mobile phone’s telephone book as well as the SMS / MMS inbox, bookmarks, notes and, most importantly, the calendar with my email box. Just a neat all-in-one solution.

I wonder why in a world of wide networks and a huge repository of good, free and open software, some tasks like the exchange of data are still such an issue?! Just think of the various Character Separated Values, Comma Separated Values or Colon Separated Values (CSV) formats that exist as there’s no common standard on this. *sigh*

Which gets me to the next issue that has been bugging me for some time now: The Nokia N95 is a great telephone as it comes with lots of useful multimedia features which are still hard to find with other phones.

However, having switched from a Nokia 6230i that offered an ideal keypad to key in short messages and other text, i find the buttons on the N95 rather unuseful and also ugly. Especially the keypad just below the top screen is horrible. I wonder who passed this design from R&D to production?
Anyways, in short: i like the phone but think that it still comes in an ugly packaging. Especially the front cover could enjoy some redesign. This should actually be possible as it is only secured by four screws on the back.

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the design issues i am having with the N95…

So what’s the task?

1. the keypad on the front cover (“S60 keypad assy”) is way too narrow and I understand it was already moved down and away from the screen to shorten the distance to the actual number keypad (Nokia calls this the “ITU keypad assy”).
While writing text (e.g. sms), I sometimes type in a wrong letter which needs to be corrected. Hitting the delete (“C”) button on the front panel sometimes – unfortunately – results in hitting the red phone button by mistake => the phone goes back to the standby screen. Argh. A redesign thus should include the delete button to have a bigger size. Also, the overall size of the keypad should make use of the whole space left on the front cover.

2. Other slider phones from Nokia such as the 6110 navigator or E65 come with a gently inclined front cover. While writing text on the N95 number keypad, my thumb often hits the edge of the front panel. This could be avoided or limited by removing this artifical border and reshaping the front cover so that the thumb may freely move between the (lower) number keypad and the keypad on the front cover.

3. The front video camera on the upper right corner looks like as if it has been put there at the last moment. Obviously, there should be a better way of moulding it into the front cover.

4. I “secured” the display on my N95 with some BRANDO display protector (foil) as it a) looks as if the screen actually is a bit sensitive to scratches and b) there’s a gap between the display and the frame = no seamless transition between the display and the frame as seen with other phones (= which shows that such an approach to a better design is possible).

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my 5-minutes paintshoppro’d version on a change I’d like to see on the front cover keypad..

As these modifications only apply to the cover, and exchange covers are already available via ebay & co, such a redesign should actually be possible and isn’t too far fetched. Chinese manufacturers (since you’re masters of copying adopting designs anyways) – are you listening?

sanitation wars

One of the most tiring aspects within the field of sanitation are endless debates about the sustainability of sanitation.

On one hand there are those who are interested in conventional waste water treatment, and who are making a living out of investing into, optimizing or selling waste water treatment plants. Take Germany, for instance. The sewage system is well approved, a very high percentage of houses is connected to centralized waste water treatment plants and these things just work. The aim of such systems is to reduce the organic content of waste water which then allows the “cleaned” water to be discharged into the next river.

And then there’s something commonly referred to as sustainable sanitation.

Sustainability. What does sustainability mean?

Obviously, sustainability at first sight is just another keyword such as capacity development or knowledge management. Ask your neighbours how they’d define the meaning of sustainability, and I am sure you’ll get many different answers.

According to the “Network for the development of Sustainable approaches for large scale implementation of Sanitation in Africa” (NETSSAF), sustainable sanitation refers to sanitation systems that protect and promote human health, do not contribute to environmental degradation or depletion of the resource base, are technically and institutionally appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable, being the issue of reuse and recycling an optional feature.

“The issue of reuse and recycling” is often termed as something we call ecological (and economical) sanitation (ecosan). I am currently active in the field of ecosan, and it seems that I have to constantly explain the meaning of ecosan, and why I think this approach makes sense – despite of the many unsatisfactory issues that still come along with most ecosan concepts.

The ecosan concept is mainly based on the following principles:

  • Prevent diseases (must be capable of destroying or isolating faecal pathogens)
  • Protect the environment (must prevent pollution and conserve valuable water resources)
  • Return nutrients (must return plant nutrients to the soil)
  • Culturally acceptable (must be aesthetically inoffensive and consistent with cultural and social values)
  • Reliable (must be easy to construct and robust enough to be easily maintained in a local context)
  • Convenient (must meet the needs of all household members considering gender, age and social status)
  • Affordable (must be affordable and accessible)

Having mentioned this theoretical background, let’s look at the practical side of it, and why I felt a need to blog about this issue in the first place:

Kibera, this huge informal settlement in Nairobi is Kenya’s and even Africa’s biggest “slum”. Many of my readers know about Kibera, and many also know that there have been numerous projects in the past, trying to “promote” the living standards of people in Kibera. One of those standards actually is access to proper sanitation.

There are a few “normal” toilets latrines in Kibera that have been installed in the past, but many of them are too costly for daily use and still the number of available toilets latrines? is hilarious compared to the actual need. How many people live in Kibera? Too many!
Also, Kibera faces various problems such as a high crime rate, unstable ground which complicates the construction of proper buildings and a very unusable topography. In short: Kibera is a way too crowded piece of land with a very bad starting position.

People who live from hand-to-mouth all their life and are trying to survive each day, don’t think about sustainability issues. What they want are working toilets that don’t overflow during the rainy seasons, clean, free of charge and maybe also secure to use during night time.

If you’re into this sanitation business, there apparently is no time for endless debates on sustainable approaches to sanitation. Something needs to be done, and as the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) predict, change has to happen – soon.

So there you are, trying to figure out the best sanitational concept for an informal settlement such as Kibera. A sustainable concept that is accepted by it’s users, reliable, convenient and affordable. This process actually is quite difficult, as most of these sustainable concepts require a certain level of ownership among its users, and, most importantly, some time and enough space to develope. Remember: Kibera is a crowded area. Just think of the Biogas latrine in Kibera we recently mentioned over at Afrigadget – I was told that the digestion tanks are too small, so the digested biomass comes out half “raw” – and is just disposed of into the next river. Obviously, while energy is generated out of the biomass, there’s still no good concept behind this installation that provides a closing of nutrient loops.

Nutrients, yes, as the human excreta contain nutrients which could be used as a fertilizer on the shamba. Just think of cow dung, and you get the point. Obviously, reusing these nutrients has to be put on the sanitation agenda as there’s no such thing as “waste”.

For those big players in the industry though, the conventional waste water treatment business where dirty water is cleaned and nutrients effectively eliminated is more interesting than relatively simple technologies such as the ecosan approach.

On one hand, there’s the (sometimes justified) critisicm towards ecosan and that it works best in theory, and on the other hand, a relatively low cost technology such as a Urine Divertion Dehydration Toilet (UDDT) – with already over one million installations in China! – simply doesn’t generate any benefit for industrialized nations. ==> How does Europe profit from disseminating low-tech, low-cost toilets to Africa? How do the various engineering companies benefit from this technology if instead they are interested in selling conventional, cost-intensive, high-tech systems that also require lots of maintenance (= revenue)?

Whenever I open the various professional journals that deal with sanitation issues, I so often only come across these high-tech systems that basically only deal with the issue of treating “dirty” water (blackwater, greywater, yellowwater) as “waste” where nutrients have to be cleaned out. And yet at the same time, these very same people talk about sustainability, and how they can optimize their systems towards more sustainability.

Well, for a green approach to sanitation that actively tries to close loops (= keeping nutrients in a biological and technical loop), a paradigm shift is actually needed. And so you can well imagine that there’s an endless debate on the definition of what ecosan actually stands for and what it brings to the people. Users, who are supposed to accept and use such systems, have to get an understanding of why such low-tech toilets are actually better than conventional flush toilets, and companies who have previously made a profit by selling high-tech machines have to understand that even in Germany, where most waste water treatment plants actually work in a very stable mode and are constantly optimized, the future is set towards sustainable sanitation. To my understanding, the production of waste water on normal (“modern”) flush toilets is far far away from any sustainability. Sure, it is an improvement to simple pit latrines, but in countries where the majority of the population doesn’t have access to any proper sanitation facilities, it makes sense (to me) to invest into good systems that provide a benefit to its users and the environment in the long run.

The Chinese understood this concept some years ago (heck, even 2.000 years ago) and consequently promoted this technology so as to keep some nutrients in a loop and water consumption for sanitation on a low level. China is a good example that this technology actually works, and so we must never forget that most “wars” on sanitation issues aren’t based on ideological reasons, but instead perilled business opportunities.

I sometimes wish more and more companies would wake up and see this as a new business opportunity. Public toilets, based on sustainable principles – that’s such a huge market ready to be skimmed.

(oh, and btw: what’s the difference between a toilet and a latrine? and for which countries does this definition apply?)

The Kiondo & The Kikoi

Barbara of the GI in Nairobi forwarded the following invitation to a public forum, which? I? think? is? of? public? interest,? hence? the? desire? to? reblog? this? on? my? blog.

kiondokikoi038small.jpg

PRESS RELEASE

PUBLIC FORUM
“THE KIONDO AND THE KIKOI”

Tuesday 31st July 2007
4.00 pm to 6.00 pm
Goethe-Institut Auditorium

(=> Maendeleo House, Nairobi)

“The Maasai Market Empowerment Trust in partnership with Legal Research and Advisory Centre invites to a Public Forum “The Kiondo & The Kikoi”.This is a cooperative effort in the highlighting and development of Intellectual Property Rights in Kenya.
The forum brings together artisans, designers, producers, legal officers, law enforcers, activists and policy makers to deliberate, trouble shoot and strategizse on how to tackle intellectual property issues specifically in regard to the Kiondo and Kikoi in an attempt to preserve the Kenyan heritage.The Maasai Market Empowerment Trust is a non profit making organization whose key xobjective is to uplift the standards of living of the people in the Curio-Crafts industry. It is registered as a public charitable trust and is led by a board of trustees drawn from the industry and from other strategic movements with similar ideals.”

I? wish? I? could? just? attend? this? event,? especially? since? this? matter? of? Intellectual Property? Rights? is? something I had blogged about two years ago – after stumbling across an interesting paper by James Shikwati on this matter. I recently met someone of the? (liberal) FNFoundation during an event organized by the GTZ and was pleasantly surprised to find Shikwati’s paper among those primary papers they displayed as proof of their work. Kenyanism everywhere :-)
Also, I am using a picture of a Kikoi I bought on Maasai Market as the header logo of my blog. I founded a Kikoi group on the German equivalent of Facebook, Studivz.de, and am having a particular interest in promoting this part of the Swahili culture as found on the Kenyan coast line. I never travel without one of my Kikois, and as such find myself at terrible unease to associate the brand name “Kikoi(y)” with a UK based privately held company.

node-hopping

Just a side note: while reading Christian’s latest post on knowledge sharing within companies, I just came to realize that I had instinctively used the blogosphere for gathering useful informations on my new Nokia N95 telephone.

Interesting applications, utilities and widsets? User experiences, shortcuts on the menu or tips on how to optimize battery runtime? The international blogosphere +? multimedia platforms such as the popular poparchive? youtube or flickr deliver all you need – without even a single search through Google.

Hopping from one blogging “node” to the next, the need for simple googleing becomes almost obsolete, as others have already compiled interesting articles such as? a “TOP 10 must have N95 utilities” list.?
So instead of doing a Web 1.0 search through Google on keywords such as “Nokia N95 appz”, I instantly consulted del.icio.us for anything on “N95” and received a list of quality links that would give me quick results. Whereas I always needed to check out various Yahoo!Groups in the past for an interesting file here or there (those small java applets that run on Nokia’s S40 OS-platform)? or -? even worse – forums that only sometimes come with a? “sticky thread” where all interesting and important things? are gathered in? an FAQ-collection, the blogosphere? delivers much more useful info on a topic. Selected, tested, rated and – most importantly – communicated to others.

And here I am now, happily runing a few selected and tested (!) applications on? my new phone. This whole process of gathering informations on how to personalize my phone to my needs just took me a few hours of reading different blogs. Sweet :-)